How to Check the History of a Used Vehicle Before Buying

One of the most critical steps when buying a used car is ensuring you know its entire history. A vehicle's history reveals vital information about its past ownership, accidents, repairs, and overall condition. With this knowledge, you could avoid ending up with a car with hidden issues, affecting its safety and resale value. Here's how to check the history of a used vehicle before making a purchase.

Get the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)

The first step in checking the history of any vehicle used is obtaining its Vehicle Identification Number (VIN). This 17-character code is unique to each car and is essential for pulling up its records. You can typically find the VIN on the dashboard (visible through the windshield), inside the driver's door frame, or on the car's registration documents.

Use a Vehicle History Report Service

Several online platforms provide detailed vehicle history reports using the VIN. These services compile information from various sources like DMV records, insurance claims, and maintenance reports. The most commonly used platforms are:

• Carfax: Carfax reports provide a comprehensive overview, including accident history, title information, mileage accuracy, and even service records. While it's one of the more well-known services, it usually comes with a cost.
• AutoCheck: Another reliable option is AutoCheck, which offers a scoring system that rates vehicles based on their history. It also provides insights into the vehicle's auction history, particularly useful for cars that may have been sold repeatedly.
• VINCheck from the National Insurance Crime Bureau (NICB): This free service checks whether a vehicle has been reported stolen or has a salvage title due to significant damage.

Pro Tip: Review multiple sources to get the most comprehensive picture of the vehicle's past.

Check for Accident History

Accidents can drastically affect a vehicle's longevity, safety, and resale value. When reviewing the history report, pay special attention to any accidents or collisions in which the car has been involved. Vehicle history reports typically show:

• The severity of the accident (e.g., minor fender bender vs. significant structural damage)
• Repair records indicating whether the vehicle was restored correctly

If an accident is noted, you should have the vehicle inspected by a trusted mechanic to ensure that all necessary repairs are made to the highest standard.

Verify Title Information

A vehicle's title provides crucial information about its legal status. Ideally, you want a clean title, meaning the car hasn't been in severe accidents or suffered extensive damage.

• Salvage title: If a car has been in an accident and the cost of repairs exceeds its value, it may have been issued a salvage title. Salvage vehicles are often unsafe or unreliable.
• Rebuilt title: The car was declared a total loss but has been repaired and deemed roadworthy. However, rebuilt cars may have lingering issues that could affect their performance and safety.

Be cautious of cars with these titles, as they can have hidden problems.

Check for Odometer Fraud

One of the most critical aspects of a vehicle's history is its mileage. Lower mileage often correlates with less wear and tear. Still, some sellers use odometer fraud to make the car seem more appealing. A vehicle history report will usually show the mileage recorded at different points during its life, such as:

• Service records that note the mileage when the vehicle was brought in for maintenance
• Emissions inspections that document the odometer reading at the time of testing

If you notice any discrepancies in the mileage, it could be a sign that the odometer has been tampered with.

Check for Recalls and Safety Issues

Some vehicles may have open recalls that still need to be addressed. The manufacturer issues these recalls when a defect that could affect safety or performance is discovered. You can check for recalls using:

• The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA): Their website allows you to search for recalls by VIN, ensuring that any safety concerns are addressed before purchase.

If a vehicle has an open recall, make sure the seller has resolved the issue or plans to do so before you complete the purchase.

Review Service and Maintenance Records

Regular maintenance is critical to a vehicle's longevity. Many vehicle history reports will show a service history, showing how well the previous owner cared for the car. Look for evidence of:

• Oil changes and other regular maintenance
• Significant repairs (e.g., brake replacements, transmission servicing)
• Timing belt replacement (especially for cars with higher mileage)

A car that has been well-maintained is likely to last longer and experience fewer mechanical issues.

Inspect for Flood Damage

Flood-damaged cars can be problematic due to the internal corrosion that can occur. Unfortunately, many flood-damaged cars are cleaned up and resold without proper disclosure. Vehicle history reports can sometimes flag these vehicles, but you should also:

• Look for water damage in the interior, such as mildew smells, rust under the seats, or damp spots.
• Check the electrical components to see if they function correctly, as water can damage these systems.

Consult with a Mechanic

Even with a thorough vehicle history report, having a trusted mechanic inspect the car is a good idea. A professional can identify potential issues that aren't reflected in the report, such as:

• Hidden rust or corrosion
• Signs of poor repairs
• Unusual engine noises

The input can be invaluable in determining whether the vehicle is worth the purchase price.

Buying a used vehicle can be a great way to save money, but doing your homework is essential. You can confidently decide whether the car is intelligent by obtaining the VIN, reviewing a detailed vehicle history report, and consulting with a mechanic. Checking the history of a used vehicle not only helps you avoid costly repairs down the road but also ensures you're making a safe and informed decision.